What types of substances does MARPOL address according to its regulations?

MARPOL, which stands for the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, specifically targets the prevention of pollution from ships and the disposal of certain substances that can harm the marine environment. The correct answer includes key categories of substances that MARPOL regulates.

Oil is a significant pollutant often discharged from ships, whether through operational discharges or accidental spills. Noxious liquid substances include a range of harmful liquids that can pose risks to the marine environment if released. Garbage, which encompasses all kinds of waste generated onboard, is also addressed to prevent pollution in ocean waters. Lastly, sewage from ships can lead to severe degradation of water quality and marine habitats, making it another critical focus of MARPOL regulations.

This comprehensive approach ensures that ships adhere to specific standards to protect the marine environment from various forms of pollution. The inclusion of these substances reflects MARPOL's commitment to addressing the most pressing pollution risks associated with maritime operations.